![]() ![]() ![]() On the other hand the one that operates a patient with a metal knife for several wounds and causes his death, his hand will be cut off’. The development of spinal surgery was further discouraged by legislation on medical errors dating back to the Babylons (1955–1912 BC), and known as Hammurabi’s Code, 2 which could end up detrimental for the surgeon: ‘The surgeon that operates with a bronze knife and saves the patient - he will be compensated with silver pieces according to the importance of the patient. Interestingly, these reports document the same treatment principles upon which current practice is based: re-alignment of the spine, removal of foreign bodies, stabilization and decompression of the spinal cord. ![]() There are only isolated reports from ancient history of surgically treated cases, mainly in trauma. 1 The complex anatomy of the spine and its contents, combined with a presumed poor prognosis, has caused surgeons to be very conservative for thousands of years. The search for an effective treatment dates back to prehistoric times.Įarly Egyptian (1550 BC), Greek, Roman and Arabic texts on medicine show efforts to treat spinal disorders, but generally a nihilistic approach prevailed. The treatment of spinal disorders poses complex challenges. Modern surgeons are still looking for the best way to manage spine disorders. However, despite substantial experimental progress, spinal cord repair and restoration of lost functions remain a challenge. Conclusion:Īdvances in surgery now permit full mechanical reconstruction of the cervical spine. A critical approach to the evaluation of benefits and complications of these advanced surgical techniques for treatment of cervical spine disorders is required. Recent advances in the field of anesthesia, imaging and spinal instrumentation have changed long-standing nihilism in the treatment of cervical spine pathologies to the current practice of advanced reconstructive surgery of the cervical spine. Transferral of knowledge occurred from Babylon (Bagdad) to Old Egypt, to the Greek and Roman empires and finally via the Middle East (Bagdad and Damascus) back to Europe. We illustrate how nations have added elements to this complex subject and how knowledge has surpassed borders and language barriers. Conservative approaches to treatment have been the hallmark for thousands of years, but over the past 50 years progress has been rapid. The first evidence for surgical treatment of spinal disorders dates back to approximately 1500 BC. Methods:ĭescriptive literature review and analysis of the development of cervical spine surgery from the prehistoric era until today. The aim is to present an accessible overview, primarily intended for a broad readership. To review and analyze the evolution of cervical spine surgery from ancient times to current practice. ![]()
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